In 2017, Karen Arnstein approached Barry Gelston about a unique model that she had been constructing, not just in her head, but with physical objects to explain her vision. That vision was the Spiral Model of Development. Over several years, Karen created a super-synthesis of theories to explain the complex model that affects the appearance of competence in 2e learners.
The friendly conversations between Karen and Barry have turned into a partnership that focuses on applying the rigors of science to the model. While Karen has been publishing on the definition of the model, Barry has published his own dissertation on the model and discovered the process of adaptive connection (Gelston, 2024) and the impact it has on the teacher – learner dyad.
Principal Researchers
Karen Arnstein, Ed.D.
Dr. Arnstein, a Postdoctoral Research Assistant at Purdue University, specializes in supporting underrepresented gifted students and twice-exceptional (2e) learners. With over a decade of experience, she co-developed the Spiral Model of Development, researches developmental transitions, and serves as core faculty at Bridges Graduate School and Chair-Elect of NAGC’s Special Populations SIG.
Barry Gelston, Ed.D.
Dr. Gelston is an educator, researcher, and advocate for personalized education with 30+ years of experience. Founder of Mr. Gelston’s One Room Schoolhouse, he specializes in individualized strategies for diverse learners. His research emphasizes tailored relationships to foster engagement, equity, and growth through Adaptive Connection and the Spiral Model.
The Spiral Institute of Research 